Forehead Wrinkles: Causes, Line Shapes and What Treatments Show

Q: Does Botox work for forehead lines?

In a 20-subject split-face randomized trial, 100% of subjects improved from baseline at weeks 2, 6 and 12, whether a side got toxin alone or toxin plus hyaluronic acid filler. The trial is small, and no study in our sources measured how long forehead results last beyond its 24-week comparison.

Q: Can forehead Botox make my brows droop?

Yes. A 2003 technique paper put brow ptosis at around 1-5% in many studies and linked it to incorrect injection sites, too-high doses and poor patient selection. A 2024 anatomy review adds ptosis and 'samurai eyebrows' as possible effects of anatomical variation in the frontalis.

Q: Why do I still have forehead lines after frown-line Botox?

In a 16-person ultrasound study, 3 people (19%) raised their forehead muscle while frowning. For them, conventional frown-line injections did not improve the horizontal forehead line, which improved only after additional injections into the frontalis.

Q: Does Argireline work on forehead lines?

A 2002 study of a 10% Argireline emulsion reported wrinkle depth reduced by up to 30% after 30 days in women volunteers, but it did not state the facial area or the number of volunteers. A 2025 review says it remains uncertain whether the peptide can reach the nerve-muscle junction through the skin.

Q: Are there non-injection procedures for forehead lines?

In one uncontrolled study of 36 analyzed subjects, focused cold therapy gave 91% at least a 1-point improvement at 30 days, with no serious adverse events; the first-listed author affiliation is Myoscience, the device maker. A 9-patient Endolift laser series reported 90% very much improved by physician rating, but it had no control group.

Q: Do forehead exercises or face tape get rid of forehead lines?

We found no studies testing forehead exercises or face tape on forehead lines. Exercises work the same muscle whose contraction helps form the lines, and whether that helps or harms has not been tested.

By Peptide Skincare Editorial Team · Published October 26, 2026 · 16 min read

Start with our pillar guide: Dermal Fillers for Ozempic Face: What the Evidence Shows (and Doesn't), or browse all Aesthetic Treatments articles.

Forehead wrinkles are the horizontal lines across the forehead, formed by the frontalis muscle repeatedly raising the brows plus skin aging. Botulinum toxin has the best data: in a 20-subject split-face trial, every subject improved at weeks 2, 6 and 12. Creams, devices and retinol have weak or no forehead-specific evidence. Evidence: Limited.

Key takeaways

A 2016 pilot study describes forehead wrinkles as the result of frontalis muscle contraction plus the skin aging process (Ko et al., 2016).
In a 20-subject split-face, rater-blinded randomized trial, 100% of subjects improved at weeks 2, 6 and 12 with toxin alone or toxin plus hyaluronic acid filler (Dubina et al., 2013).
A 2003 technique paper put brow droop after forehead toxin at "around 1-5%" in many studies (Redaelli and Forte, 2003).
Wavy forehead lines were linked to a midline aponeurosis, a band of connective tissue splitting the muscle, in a 31-donor dissection study (Moqadam et al., 2017).
A 2025 review says it "remains uncertain" whether Argireline reaches the nerve-muscle junction when applied to skin (Zdrada-Nowak et al., 2025).
We found no forehead-specific retinol or tretinoin study in our sources.

What are forehead wrinkles?

Forehead wrinkles are horizontal lines that run across the forehead above the brows. They come in 2 types: dynamic lines, which show only when you move your face, and static creases, which stay visible at rest.

The distinction matters because studies treat them separately. The main forehead toxin trial enrolled people with both "static and dynamic creases" and rated each type on its own (Dubina et al., 2013). The focused cold therapy study described next targeted "hyperdynamic" lines, meaning lines from strong muscle movement (Palmer et al., 2015).

We found no data in our sources on how common forehead wrinkles are or at what age they usually appear. Evidence: Limited.

What causes forehead lines?

Forehead lines form when the frontalis, the broad muscle that lifts your eyebrows, contracts over and over while the skin ages. A 2016 pilot study states this directly: forehead wrinkles "are the result of contracture of the frontalis muscle and the skin aging process" (Ko et al., 2016).

A 2025 trial adds the same 2 drivers for facial wrinkles in general, aging and "repetitive muscle contractions" (Lee et al., 2025). A 2026 paper lists collagen breakdown, elastin degeneration and volume loss as part of facial wrinkling (Kim et al., 2026).

Clinics often name sun exposure, smoking and genetics as causes. No forehead-specific study in our sources tests those, so treat them as expert opinion. Creases on the upper sides of the nose are a separate problem with a different muscle; see our guide to bunny lines. Evidence: Limited.

Straight vs wavy forehead creases: what does line shape say?

The shape of your forehead creases reflects the muscle underneath. Wavy lines go with a split muscle and wider movement, and straight lines with a more uniform muscle and narrower movement.

A 2017 dissection study of 31 body donors (mean age 77.2, 93.5% Caucasian) found 41.9% had straight lines and 58.1% wavy lines (Moqadam et al., 2017). Wavy lines were linked to a midline aponeurosis (r = 0.69) and a steeper muscle-fiber angle (12.67° vs 10.18°). Age, gender and ethnicity did not significantly affect line shape. The paper rates itself Level of Evidence IV, and funding was not reported in the abstract.

A 2019 study used 3D imaging in 37 volunteers aged 22 to 73 (29 Caucasian, 6 African American, 2 Asian) to track skin movement (Frank et al., 2019). Funding was not reported in the abstract.

Straight vs wavy forehead lines
Feature	Straight lines	Wavy lines
Share in 31 donors	41.9%	58.1%
Forehead motion angle	6.68° ± 2.9	21.34° ± 5.9
Linked anatomy	No midline aponeurosis link reported	Midline aponeurosis (r = 0.69), steeper fiber angle
More common in	Females (68.4% vs 44.4% of males)	Males
Injection points proposed	More central	More lateral

Bottom line: Line shape may guide where injectors place toxin, but no trial has compared shape-guided injection with a standard pattern.

Younger and older volunteers didn't differ in motion angle (13.70° vs 12.39°). The authors suggest wavy lines need injection points placed more toward the sides and straight lines more centrally (Frank et al., 2019). That is an anatomy-based proposal, not a tested treatment result. Evidence: Limited (anatomy and imaging only).

Can retinol or tretinoin smooth forehead wrinkles?

We don't know from forehead-specific data. Our sources contain no study of retinol, tretinoin or any other retinoid on forehead lines, so we give no results or timelines here.

Retinoids are studied for facial wrinkles in general, and that evidence is covered in our guide to whether tretinoin helps with wrinkles. If you're weighing a retinoid against a peptide serum, see peptides vs retinol. Any "results in X weeks" claim you see for retinol for forehead lines is clinic convention unless it names a forehead study. Tretinoin is a prescription drug, so talk to a prescriber about whether it suits you. Evidence: no forehead studies.

Do peptide creams work on forehead lines?

Peptide creams have small, early studies showing modest wrinkle reductions, but none tests the forehead specifically. The main question is whether "Botox-like" peptides reach the muscle at all.

Argireline (acetyl hexapeptide-8) was designed to mimic toxin by blocking nerve signals to muscle. In a 2002 study, an oil-in-water emulsion with 10% Argireline reduced wrinkle depth "up to 30%" after 30 days in healthy women volunteers (Blanes-Mira et al., 2002). The abstract doesn't give the number of volunteers, the facial area, a control group or funding. In lab tests, the peptide matched toxin's potency but showed "much lower efficacy."

Delivery is the weak point. A 2025 review says Argireline's water-loving nature and size limit how well it passes the skin's outer layer, and its ability "to reach neuromuscular junctions remains uncertain" (Zdrada-Nowak et al., 2025); the authors declared no conflicts. A 2021 lab analysis also found Argireline and its oxidized form in several commercial creams and serums, which raises questions about product stability (Kluczyk et al., 2021).

Interest has outpaced the data. US Google searches for "Argireline" and "Botox in a Bottle" both rose sharply in 2022, though "Argireline" stayed less searched than "Botox" (Olsson et al., 2024). A 2024 systematic review of cosmeceuticals for sun-damaged skin rated the peptide evidence "the strongest," with most studies at Level Ib, but it doesn't focus on the forehead (Chan et al., 2024).

The biggest forehead number in our sources comes from a non-peptide cream. In an 8-week study of 49 Chinese women aged 30 to 50 using a C-xyloside cream, forehead wrinkle scores fell 55.81% (Zang et al., 2024). The abstract describes no control group, and all authors are L'Oréal (China) employees.

Wrinkle score reduction after 8 weeks of a C-xyloside cream (n=49) Source: Zang et al., J Cosmet Dermatol, 2024 (no control group described; all authors L'Oréal China employees)

Show data table

Facial area	Score reduction (%)
Forehead wrinkle	55.81%
Under-eye wrinkles	50.03%
Glabellar wrinkle	43.34%
Nasolabial folds	34.02%
Crow's feet	33.64%

For more on these ingredients, see what Argireline does, SNAP-8 peptide, our peptide ingredients ranking and peptides vs retinol. Evidence: Early / preliminary.

Does Botox work for forehead lines?

Yes. Botulinum toxin (often called Botox, one brand name) has the strongest evidence for forehead lines, though the trials are small. It relaxes the frontalis so the skin folds less.

The key study is a split-face, rater-blinded randomized trial of 20 subjects with forehead and frown-line creases (Dubina et al., 2013). Each person got toxin alone on 1 side and hyaluronic acid filler plus toxin on the other, with follow-up to 6 months. Both sides worked: 100% of subjects improved from baseline at weeks 2, 6 and 12. The study reported non-US government support.

A 2025 double-blind split-face randomized trial of 20 people with moderate-to-severe horizontal forehead wrinkles compared letibotulinum toxin A with prabotulinum or onabotulinum toxin A (Lee et al., 2025). Diffusion, measured with a sweat test at 2 weeks, and wrinkle reduction showed no significant differences. Funding was not reported in the abstract.

A 2024 single-author technique report describes a grid-based method linked to "a high satisfaction rate and low side effect incidence," but doesn't give patient numbers in the abstract (Alhallak, 2024); the author declared no conflicts. Its dosing model is for practitioners, and we don't reproduce it.

When forehead studies checked results

2 weeks
First toxin checks
All subjects improved in the split-face trial (Dubina); diffusion measured in the brand comparison (Lee).
6 and 12 weeks
Improvement maintained
100% of subjects still improved from baseline on both sides (Dubina).
24 weeks
Sides start to differ
Toxin plus filler gave longer-lasting results for dynamic forehead lines (Dubina).
12 months
Combination protocol
Improvement in upper-face wrinkles after a 4-step filler and toxin protocol (Kim).

No study in our sources measured how long forehead toxin lasts on its own. Any "lasts 3 to 4 months" or re-treatment interval a clinic quotes is clinic convention. For aftercare, see skincare after Botox; for retinoid timing around treatment, see tretinoin after Botox. Evidence: Limited (2 small RCTs).

Why do forehead lines stay after frown-line Botox?

Some people raise their forehead muscle when they frown, so treating only the frown muscles leaves the forehead line. That pattern showed up in a small ultrasound study.

The 2021 study watched muscle movement in 16 people (Kim et al., 2021). Most (81%, n = 13) frowned with the usual muscles between the brows (Type A). The other 19% (n = 3) frowned upward, with the frontalis contracting and forming horizontal forehead lines (Type B).

Both types saw frown lines improve after conventional injection, but the horizontal forehead line didn't improve in Type B. It improved after additional injections into the frontalis. The authors declared no conflicts and reported non-US government support. With only 3 Type B patients, this is a lead, not a rule. Evidence: Early / preliminary.

Can forehead Botox make your brows droop?

Yes. Brow droop (brow ptosis) is the main reported risk of forehead toxin, because the toxin weakens the muscle that lifts the brows.

Brow droop after forehead toxin

Reported in many studies: 1-5%; 2003 summary, not primary data
In the authors' own practice: <1%; Single clinic's experience

Redaelli and Forte, J Cosmet Laser Ther, 2003 PubMed record

The 2003 technique paper calls brow ptosis "the only real side effect" of forehead toxin and links it to incorrect injection sites, too-high doses and "inappropriate selection of patients" (Redaelli and Forte, 2003). It says people with excess forehead skin (dermatochalasis) "should usually be excluded." Funding was not reported in the abstract, and the 1-5% figure is a secondhand summary.

A 2024 anatomy review adds that limited knowledge of the frontalis's shape and thickness may lead to ptosis and what it calls "samurai eyebrows" (Yi et al., 2024). It proposes injection sites based on surface landmarks and reported non-US government support. The 2025 brand trial also notes excess toxin spread can cause muscle weakness (Lee et al., 2025).

We don't give dosing advice. If you have heavy upper lids or loose forehead skin, raise it with a qualified, licensed injector before treatment. Evidence: expert opinion.

Does filler help forehead wrinkles?

Filler plus toxin may last longer than toxin alone for moving forehead lines, based on 1 small trial. Our sources contain no study of forehead filler safety.

In the 20-subject split-face trial, the filler-plus-toxin side gave "longer-lasting results in dynamic forehead wrinkles" and better frown-line reduction at week 24, and subjects nominally preferred it (Dubina et al., 2013).

A 2026 retrospective study of 53 people with upper-face wrinkles used a 4-step protocol of hyaluronic acid layers plus toxin (Kim et al., 2026). Blinded physician ratings improved at 1 and 12 months (P<0.01), with no serious adverse events. Bruising resolved within 2 weeks and redness within 1 week. Results weren't reported separately for the forehead, and funding was not reported in the abstract.

For forehead filler risks, ask a qualified injector; no study in our sources measures them. Evidence: Limited.

What other forehead lines treatment options exist?

Devices and threads have only small or uncontrolled studies for forehead lines. None has been compared with toxin.

Human studies on forehead wrinkles treatments

Dubina et al., J Cosmet Dermatol, 2013	20	6 months	Toxin alone vs filler + toxin, split-face	100% improved at weeks 2, 6, 12; combination longer-lasting for dynamic forehead lines
Lee et al., J Dermatolog Treat, 2025	20	Diffusion at 2 weeks	Letibotulinum vs prabotulinum or onabotulinum, split-face	No significant differences in diffusion or wrinkle reduction
Palmer et al., Dermatol Surg, 2015	41 treated, 36 analyzed	120 days	Focused cold therapy to facial nerve branches	91% at least 1-point and 70% at least 2-point better at 30 days
Nilforoushzadeh et al., J Cosmet Dermatol, 2022	9	Not reported	Endolift laser	90% very much improved (physician); 91% satisfied
Kim et al., Plast Reconstr Surg, 2026	53	12 months	4-step hyaluronic acid + toxin	Improvement at 1 and 12 months; no serious adverse events
Ko et al., J Cosmet Laser Ther, 2016	3 humans + rats and mini-pigs	12 weeks	Multi-PDO thread scaffold	New collagen on histology, consistent with photos

Dubina et al., J Cosmet Dermatol, 2013Sample size: 20 · Length: 6 months · Dose: Toxin alone vs filler + toxin, split-face

Result: 100% improved at weeks 2, 6, 12; combination longer-lasting for dynamic forehead lines

Rater-blinded RCT. Non-US government support. Evidence: Limited.

Lee et al., J Dermatolog Treat, 2025Sample size: 20 · Length: Diffusion at 2 weeks · Dose: Letibotulinum vs prabotulinum or onabotulinum, split-face

Result: No significant differences in diffusion or wrinkle reduction

Double-blind RCT. Funding not reported in abstract. Evidence: Limited.

Palmer et al., Dermatol Surg, 2015Sample size: 41 treated, 36 analyzed · Length: 120 days · Dose: Focused cold therapy to facial nerve branches

Result: 91% at least 1-point and 70% at least 2-point better at 30 days

Uncontrolled. 5 lower-dose subjects excluded. No serious adverse events. Funding not reported in abstract. Evidence: Early / preliminary.

Nilforoushzadeh et al., J Cosmet Dermatol, 2022Sample size: 9 · Length: Not reported · Dose: Endolift laser

Result: 90% very much improved (physician); 91% satisfied

Case series, no control. Percentages don't map to whole patients out of 9. Evidence: Early / preliminary.

Kim et al., Plast Reconstr Surg, 2026Sample size: 53 · Length: 12 months · Dose: 4-step hyaluronic acid + toxin

Result: Improvement at 1 and 12 months; no serious adverse events

Retrospective; upper face, forehead not reported separately. Evidence: Limited.

Ko et al., J Cosmet Laser Ther, 2016Sample size: 3 humans + rats and mini-pigs · Length: 12 weeks · Dose: Multi-PDO thread scaffold

Result: New collagen on histology, consistent with photos

Pilot mixing animal and human data. Evidence: Early / preliminary.

No study in our sources tests forehead lines with fractional or ablative lasers, microneedling or radiofrequency.

Focused cold therapy freezes branches of the facial nerve that drive the forehead muscle. In 36 analyzed subjects, 91% had at least a 1-point improvement at 30 days (Palmer et al., 2015). The study had no control group, and its first-listed author affiliation on PubMed is Myoscience, the company behind the device. Ask a clinician whether it's offered near you.

Endolift laser results come from 9 patients, with increased skin thickness and elasticity on measurement (Nilforoushzadeh et al., 2022). Read the 90% and 91% figures cautiously, since neither equals a whole number of 9 patients.

PDO threads, dissolvable sutures placed under the skin, were tested in 3 human volunteers plus rats and mini-pigs (Ko et al., 2016). The abstract doesn't clearly separate animal from human findings, and several authors list affiliations with AMOREPACIFIC and AESTURA, cosmetics companies.

For light-based options, see red light therapy for wrinkles; our sources have no forehead data on it. Evidence: Early / preliminary.

Do forehead exercises or face tape help forehead wrinkles?

We don't know, because no study in our sources tests either. That includes forehead "yoga," massage tools and adhesive face tape.

There's a logical tension with exercises. Forehead wrinkles come partly from frontalis contraction (Ko et al., 2016), and exercises work that same muscle. Whether that helps, harms or does nothing hasn't been tested. Evidence: no studies.

What about lines on the neck and chest?

Lines elsewhere have different causes and treatments, so forehead results don't carry over. The forehead studies above don't cover other areas.

See our guides to neck lines and chest wrinkles for what's known about each.

Where the evidence stops

No forehead-specific retinoid study in our sources.
No randomized trial of any cream on forehead lines. The Argireline study didn't state n or facial site; the C-xyloside study had no described control and L'Oréal-employed authors.
Argireline delivery to muscle is unproven, and oxidized peptide has been found in products.
Toxin trials are small (20 subjects each), with no forehead duration study beyond 24 weeks.
The brow-droop rate is a 2003 secondhand summary, not new primary data.
No forehead filler safety data in our sources.
Device data are uncontrolled, and none covers common lasers, microneedling or radiofrequency.
Line-shape-guided injection has never been compared with standard patterns in patients, and anatomy samples were mostly Caucasian.
No data on exercises, tape, sunscreen prevention, prevalence, age of onset or cost. Pregnancy, breastfeeding and drug interactions aren't covered; ask a clinician.

FAQ

What causes forehead wrinkles?

A 2016 pilot study describes forehead wrinkles as the result of frontalis muscle contraction combined with the skin aging process. The frontalis is the broad muscle that raises your eyebrows, so repeated brow-lifting folds the skin above it.

Does Botox work for forehead lines?

In a 20-subject split-face randomized trial, 100% of subjects improved from baseline at weeks 2, 6 and 12, whether a side got toxin alone or toxin plus hyaluronic acid filler. The trial is small, and no study in our sources measured how long forehead results last beyond its 24-week comparison.

Can forehead Botox make my brows droop?

Yes. A 2003 technique paper put brow ptosis at around 1-5% in many studies and linked it to incorrect injection sites, too-high doses and poor patient selection. A 2024 anatomy review adds ptosis and 'samurai eyebrows' as possible effects of anatomical variation in the frontalis.

Why do I still have forehead lines after frown-line Botox?

In a 16-person ultrasound study, 3 people (19%) raised their forehead muscle while frowning. For them, conventional frown-line injections did not improve the horizontal forehead line, which improved only after additional injections into the frontalis.

Does Argireline work on forehead lines?

A 2002 study of a 10% Argireline emulsion reported wrinkle depth reduced by up to 30% after 30 days in women volunteers, but it did not state the facial area or the number of volunteers. A 2025 review says it remains uncertain whether the peptide can reach the nerve-muscle junction through the skin.

Does retinol help forehead lines?

We found no forehead-specific retinol or tretinoin study in our sources, so we don't give results or timelines for the forehead. Our separate tretinoin and peptides-vs-retinol guides cover the general wrinkle evidence.

Are there non-injection procedures for forehead lines?

In one uncontrolled study of 36 analyzed subjects, focused cold therapy gave 91% at least a 1-point improvement at 30 days, with no serious adverse events; the first-listed author affiliation is Myoscience, the device maker. A 9-patient Endolift laser series reported 90% very much improved by physician rating, but it had no control group.

Do forehead exercises or face tape get rid of forehead lines?

We found no studies testing forehead exercises or face tape on forehead lines. Exercises work the same muscle whose contraction helps form the lines, and whether that helps or harms has not been tested.

References

Ko HJ, et al. Multi-polydioxanone (PDO) scaffold for forehead wrinkle correction: A pilot study. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2016. Pilot in rats, mini-pigs and 3 human volunteers, 12-week histology; authors include AMOREPACIFIC/AESTURA affiliations. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27223252/
Moqadam M, et al. Understanding the Shape of Forehead Lines. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017. Anatomic dissection, n=31 donors, Level of Evidence IV; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28628683/
Frank K, et al. Relationship between forehead motion and the shape of forehead lines-A 3D skin displacement vector analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2019. 3D imaging study, n=37; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31282119/
Kim SB, et al. Anatomical Injection Guidelines for Glabellar Frown Lines Based on Ultrasonographic Evaluation. Toxins (Basel). 2021. Ultrasound study, n=16 (13 Type A, 3 Type B); non-US government support; no conflicts declared. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35050994/
Dubina M, et al. Treatment of forehead/glabellar rhytide complex with combination botulinum toxin a and hyaluronic acid versus botulinum toxin A injection alone: a split-face, rater-blinded, randomized control trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2013. Split-face RCT, n=20, 6 months; non-US government support. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24305424/
Lee YI, et al. Diffusion characteristics and efficacy of letibotulinum toxin a in forehead wrinkle treatment. J Dermatolog Treat. 2025. Double-blind split-face RCT, n=20; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41047712/
Alhallak K. Optimizing Botulinum Toxin A Administration for Forehead Wrinkles: Introducing the Lines and Dots (LADs) Technique and a Predictive Dosage Model. Toxins (Basel). 2024. Technique report, n not stated in abstract; no conflicts declared. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38393186/
Redaelli A, Forte R. How to avoid brow ptosis after forehead treatment with botulinum toxin. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2003. Technique paper; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14741838/
Yi KH, et al. Anatomical Proposal for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Horizontal Forehead Lines. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024. Anatomical review; non-US government support. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36988646/
Blanes-Mira C, et al. A synthetic hexapeptide (Argireline) with antiwrinkle activity. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2002. Lab work plus volunteer study (n not stated), 30 days; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18498523/
Zdrada-Nowak J, et al. Acetyl Hexapeptide-8 in Cosmeceuticals-A Review of Skin Permeability and Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci. 2025. Review; no conflicts declared. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40565185/
Kluczyk A, et al. Argireline: Needle-Free Botox as Analytical Challenge. Chem Biodivers. 2021. Product analysis by mass spectrometry; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33482052/
Chan LKW, et al. Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review. Skin Res Technol. 2024. Systematic review; author states no conflicting interests. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39233460/
Olsson SE, et al. Public Interest in Acetyl Hexapeptide-8: Longitudinal Analysis. JMIR Dermatol. 2024. US Google search-trend analysis, 2013–2023; no conflicts declared. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38376906/
Zang S, et al. Holistic investigation of the anti-wrinkle and repair efficacy of a facial cream enriched with C-xyloside. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024. Clinical study n=49, 8 weeks, no control group described; all authors L'Oréal (China) employees. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39107974/
Palmer FR 3rd, et al. Safety and effectiveness of focused cold therapy for the treatment of hyperdynamic forehead wrinkles. Dermatol Surg. 2015. Uncontrolled trial, 41 treated, 36 analyzed, 120 days; author affiliations include Myoscience, Inc. (device maker). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25654195/
Nilforoushzadeh MA, et al. Endolift laser an effective treatment modality for forehead wrinkles and frown line. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022. Case series, n=9; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35226785/
Kim BS, et al. A Four-Step Strategy for the Treatment of Facial Rhytids: A Focus on Upper Facial Wrinkles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2026. Retrospective, n=53, 12 months; funding not reported in abstract. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42377938/

Disclosure: This article is for general information only. It is not medical advice. Peptide Skincare has no affiliate links in this article and received no payment from any manufacturer mentioned. Botulinum toxin, fillers and energy devices are medical procedures; see a qualified, licensed clinician, and talk to a prescriber about tretinoin.

For educational purposes only; not medical advice. See our disclaimer and research method.